Kite Runner- Chapter 22 Essay Example for Free

Kite Runner- Chapter 22 Essay Chapter twenty-two represents a kind of purgatory for the main protagonist, Amir, within the novel. It can be argued that this chapter represents the cyclic nature of the novel, in the repetition of events. Hosseini manipulates Amir into nervous action; seemingly casual movements that delineate the fear, and in some respects the anticipation, that Amir experiences lying in wait for the ‘Talib’, visible within short sentences, for instance in ‘I crossed my legs. Uncrossed them;. In these lines, Amirs inner tension is evident. Amir’s isolation within the house is emphasised by his self-absorption, the way in which he studies the objects surrounding him. One such object that is described by Hosseini is the coffee table; on which are ‘walnut sized brass balls’, this depiction takes the reader back to the beginning of the novel, where in chapter 2 Hassan and Amir fired ‘mulberries and walnuts’, Hosseini uses symbolism to remind the reader of the friendship Amir once shared with Hassan in the house, which was ripped away by Assef, foreshadowing his return in chapter 22. The alliteration of ‘brass balls’ again takes the reader back to Amir’s childhood as Hosseini described Assef’s appearance as ‘stainless-steel, brass knuckles’ creating elements of fear. This fear is still there as Amir has avoided a confrontation as a child and the cause of his guilt, Amir now has the chance to redeem himself, throughout this part of the chapter Hosseini uses the sacrificial lamb imagery that he used when describing Hassan’s rape Through Amir, Hosseini explores the Talib’s appearance in comparison to the other occupants of the room. In terms of colouring, he is labelled as â€Å"much paler† than the other two men, and so different in origin. This seems to be a re-occurring theme throughout, this differences of culture and beliefs. His clothing is also depicted; by Amir in finding fascination in bloodstains left by participation in the stoning, the blood on this stark white clothing could have connotations of butchery and the rape of Hassan. The Talib’s dialogue reinforces the visibility of a vicious nature, so viewed in previous chapters (i.e. public stoning), in the recounting of achievements ‘We’d shoot them right there in front of their families’ massacring Hazaras. Upon meeting Sohrab, Amir comments on the similarities between father and son, referring to Sohrab’s facial structure as the â€Å"Chinese doll face of my childhood† in reference to Hassan. Sohrab’s features act as a physical reminder of what Hassan experienced earlier in the novel. This is reflected in the Talib’s identity; Assef. It is almost fitting that in a country broken in pieces, he has come to a position of power, Assef himself becomes a later characterisation of Hitler, ‘doing God’s work’. This helps to associate the Taliban’s ‘ethnic cleansing’ with the Holocaust, re-enforcing the Assef is an evil man that hasn’t changed since he was a child, emphasised by his paedophilia. There is symmetry in the way that Amir receives the beating, a relation to Assef in it. As Assef laughed during his own in passing a painful kidney stone, so Amir laughs in his pain. He finally collects his due, and in doing so expels his guilt and inner turmoil. The circle is completed when he is rescued from death by Sohrab, releases a slingshot containing one of the brass balls into Assefs eye, in an action that almost replicates his fathers, Hassans, decades before. In protecting Sorab, Amir also saves himself, ‘for the first time since the winter of 1975, I felt at peace’, It seems that Amir has finally found redemption which he has been looking for ever since his childhood, a turning point in the novel The last instance of irony occurs at the climax of the novel in chapter 22 in Amirs act of redemption. This act was submitting to Assefs beating when going to rescue Hassans son, Sohrab from him. A small ironic instance is that Amir is healed emotionally by being wounded and destroyed physically. This shows the supremacy of emotions and the mind over the body in finding joy, as Amir is immensely relieved in his pain. The more important example was that Amir finally is the man Baba desired him to be after Babas death, when he no longer is obsessed with pleasing his father and making him proud. By the time he finally earned Babas respect and pride, Baba couldn’t see it. This is vital because it shows that Amirs motives were pure. There was no glory as a result of his heroic actions and his father wouldnt know. Because of his pure motives, he was able to be a true hero and the man he had been seeking to become. No progress can be made or no character built and strengthened when the driving motive behind the actions is glory.. Amir is forever changed from this action he takes to save Sohrab and humbly take Assefs beating.

Integrated Treatment for Substance Use and Depression

Integrated Treatment for Substance Use and Depression Mental Health: Simone Case Scenario Dual diagnosis, co morbidity and co-occurring disorders are terms often used interchangeably to describe mental ill health and substance abuse (drugs and/or alcohol) in various combinations. These disorders may occur at the same time or one may follow the other. Even though the diseases of mental illness and drug abuse are comorbid, causality is not implied and either condition may precede the other (Fortinash and Holoday Worret, 2012). The symptoms of one condition may mask or conceal the symptoms of the other, with either condition assuming priority at any given time. Alcohol is the most widely used drug. The National Institute for Clinical Excellence (NICE) estimated in 2011 over 24% of people in England consume alcohol levels that are potentially or actually detrimental to health. The co morbidity of depression and alcohol dependence are two of the most prevalent psychiatric disorders affecting the general population. Evidence suggests that alcohol use disorders are linked to depressive symptoms and that alcohol dependence and depressive disorders co-occur to a larger degree than expected by chance. However, it is not clear whether the depression causes alcohol problems, whether the alcohol consumption or alcohol problems caused depression, or whether both could be attributed to a third cause (Royal College of Psychiatrists, 2015). This assignment will consider the case scenario of Simone part time social worker, aged 43 with depression and alcohol abuse. Simone lives with her three children and the intervention of choice is Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT). This section will define CBT and its uses and adopt the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP) toolkit (2013) to critically evaluate and discuss two CBT research articles in treating depression and alcohol abuse to evidence why this is an appropriate intervention for Simone. CBT is defined as a talking therapy that can help individuals manage their problems by changing the way they think and behave (Frances and Robson, 1997). Commonly used to treat a range of mental health issues including depression, anxiety disorders, phobias, but also deemed valuable in treating alcohol misuse, especially as part of an overall programme of recovery. The goal of cognitive behavioural therapy is to teach the person to become aware of incidences and situations which trigger the need to drink, to learn to avoid putting themselves in these situations and to develop coping strategies to deal with other problems and behaviours which may lead to drinking. Until recently the effectiveness of CBT for comorbid alcohol had not been studied, however, the first of two research articles will now be critically evaluated and discussed below. Developing an Integrated Treatment for Substance Use and Depression Using Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (Osilla et al, 2009) is an American qualitative research article. The research goal was to design and develop a treatment programme for delivery by substance abuse counsellors in outpatient mental health settings. This was thought to be important because earlier research had indicated the effectiveness of CBT in depression and alcoholism separately. The research developed a group based integrated 18 session treatment plan involving 3 modules (thoughts, activities and people interactions) linking mood and alcohol use and provided strategies for identifying and modifying harmful thoughts and activities. Drawing on previous studies (Hepner, Watkins, Woo and Wiseman, 2006) they involved a treatment development team including researchers, clinicians, stakeholders and CBT experts. Recruited participants (N=7; 4 male, 3 female) were already enrolled in outpatient substance misuse treatmen t who had met the criteria for mild depression using the 9 item Patient Health Questionnaire with scores of 5 or > (no indication given whether other people had chosen not to take part as this sample is small). Client focus groups were conducted following the group treatment sessions led by two clinical psychologists who had observed the group sessions from behind a one way mirror, thus the methodology used is entirely appropriate for addressing the research goal. The article states that the clients provided informed consent but there is no information regarding how the research was explained to participants, whether ethical approval was sought or whether ethical standards were maintained. The data analyses consisted of the researchers reviewing notes and transcripts independently from the client focus groups to select, group and label salient issues that point to the acceptability of integrated CBT. Notable points with similar concepts were categorised if different participants had said the same things on a number of occasions over a given time frame e.g. comments which stated that alcohol and mood influenced each other. Underlying themes were generated from the data and quotes were analysed and identified that fitted each of the relevant themes. Each researcher independently sorted quotes by theme and together they reached a consensus on any discrepancies. Findings indicated that treatment was widely accepted by clients and counsellors. Clients stated that applying CBT skills help to treat both their depression and alcohol misuse whilst positively affecting other areas in their lives. Clients felt the treatment had built their confidence and the group process was helpful in learning from each other. The article produced no evidence of triangulation but stated that there were limitations to the study that affect the generalization of the results. The study evaluated a single case implementation, so future studies would be necessary to examine client views in several clinics over time with different treatment sessions in order to judge whether integrated treatment is truly acceptable and feasible given funding constraints. Clearly, integrated CBT for depression and alcohol misuse evaluated as being useful and beneficial but the research concluded that there is a need to develop more web based training or other innovative ways that effect ively train substance abuse counsellors to a reasonable standard with minimal costs to provide a unified CBT approach to manage comorbid depression and alcohol misuse. A Randomized Controlled Trial of Cognitive Behavioural Treatment for Depression versus Relaxation Training for Alcohol – Dependent Individuals with Elevated Depressive Symptoms (Brown et al, 2011). The goal of this Rhode Island trial was to evaluate the efficacy of adding CBT versus relaxing training to partial hospital treatment for individuals misusing alcohol with elevated levels of depressive symptoms. This was deemed important because it was expected that the addition of CBT would result in reduced levels of depressive symptoms and in decreased quantity and regularity of alcohol use.166 men and women were recruited (aged 16 65 years) from an alcohol and drug treatment unit provided they met the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Disorders, Fourth Edition (2000) criteria for alcohol dependence and had a Beck Depression Inventory of 15 or more. Participants were informed about the study, consent was obtained and they were randomly assigned to receive 8 individual session s of CBT (n = 81) or relaxation training (n = 84). The article didnt mention whether the personnel were blinded. Treatment conditions did not differ on demographics, individual alcohol consumption or depression related variables. Results indicated significant improvement in depressive and alcohol use over time for all participants. Compared with the relaxation training, the CBT group had significantly reduced levels of depressive symptoms at the 6 week follow up as measured by the Beck Depression Inventory. This effect was found to be inconsistent because there was no difference in the Modified Hamilton Rating Scale (MHRD) for Depression between conditions at that point in time or at any subsequent follow up. There was no significant in alcohol use between groups. The researchers were clearly disappointed that this study did not replicate the results of an earlier pilot study in 2007. However, plausible reasons given included the average length of hospital stay had reduced from 21.2 days to 3.9 resulting in treatment sessions being conducted in an outpatient setting making it difficult to compare results. The setting for this study was a private hospital with educated Caucasian patients and caution should be used in generalizing findings to populations with different characteristics. Interview data and treatment adherence had not been subject to reliability ratings. The need for the trial was clearly documented and further studies evaluating the efficacy of CBT in individuals with alcohol misuse and elevated depressive symptoms is required. Overall, the benefits outweighed the harm. Depressed people with alcohol misuse like Simone have complex needs which pervade every aspect of daily life including psychiatric, psychological, education, employment and social care. Supporting someone with depression and alcohol misuse is one of the biggest challenges facing mental health services (DH, 2006).Traditionally, substance misuse and mental health services developed separately but a national drug and alcohol dependence strategy was published in December 2010 (HMG, 2010), and a mental health strategy a few months later (HMG, 2011). Both strategies acknowledge the association between mental health problems and drug and alcohol problems. Successful outcomes for both problems need early intervention and effective joint working between drug and alcohol treatment and mental health services in integrated, recovery-oriented local systems. Furthermore, a NICE guideline (2011) includes principles of care, identification and assessment in all assessment areas and principles for in terventions, underpinned by best available evidence (due for review in 2015). Regarding impact on future practice, co morbidity requires nurses to adapt multiple roles in order to achieve a comprehensive level of care. A primary diagnosis isnt necessary as both depression and alcohol misuse can be treated simultaneously. A non judgemental, person centred approach recognising that treatment will be long term is required. Good communication skills with multiple professionals and services are essential. Clinical skills include specialist alcohol misuse assessments, mental health and risk assessments, the provision of specialist advice on reduction and harm minimisation, appropriate interventions, treatment advice to other care professionals and the ability to work in a multidisciplinary team. In practice, it is not possible for nurses to be an expert in all of the skills required, however they should have a working knowledge of some. Training is required to deliver comprehensive alcohol programmes through developing skills particularly in cognitive behavioural th erapy which seems to produce beneficial effects on both depression and alcohol outcomes. Bibliography Brown, A.B., Ramsey, S.E., Kahler, C.W., Palm, K.M., Monti, P.M., Abrams, D., Dubreuli,.M., Gordon,.A. and Miller.I.W. (2011) A Randomized Controlled Trial of Cognitive Behavioural Treatment for Depression versus Relaxation Training for Alcohol – Dependent Individuals with Elevated Depressive Symptoms. Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs 72(2): 286-296 Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (2013) Qualitative Research Check List. Oxford UK. Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (2013) Randomised Control Trial Check List. Oxford UK. Department of Health (2006) The Dual Diagnosis Good Practice. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Disorders (2000), 4th Edition, Text Revision (DSM-IV-TR). American Psychiatric Association.Washington DC. Fortinash, K.M and Holoday Worret,P.A (2012) Psychiatric Mental Health Nursing, 5th edition. Australia, Mosby. Frances, R. and Robson, M (1997) Cognitive Behavioural Therapy in Primary Care. Jessica Kingsley Publishers. London. Hepner, K.A, Watkins, K.E., Woo, S. and Wiseman, S. (2006) Group Cognitive Behavioural Therapy for Depression in Substance Abusers: Substance Abuse and your Mood. Treatment Manual for non traditional providers. HM Government (2010). Drug Strategy 2010 Reducing Demand, Restricting Supply, Building Recovery: Supporting People to live a Drug Free life. HM Government (2011). No Health without Mental Health: A Cross-Government Mental Health Outcomes Strategy for People of all Ages. National Institute of Clinical Excellence (2011) Alcohol-use disorders: diagnosis, assessment and management of harmful drinking and alcohol dependence. London: National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence. Osilla, K.C., Hepner, K.A, Munoz, R.F, Woos. S and Watkins, K. (2009) Developing and Integrated Treatment for Substance Use and Depressing Using Cognitive Behavioural Therapy. Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment 37(4);412-420 Royal College of Psychiatrists (2015) Improving the Lives of People with Mental Illness (online) available from:  http://www.rcpsych.ac.uk/healthadvice/problemsdisorders/alcoholdepression.aspx  (Accessed 13th April 2015) Lynskey,M.T.(1998 ) The comorbidity of alcohol dependence and affective disorders: treatment implications. Drug and Alcohol Dependence 52:201- 209 Miller, I.W.,Bishop,S.,Norman,W.H. and Maddever,H.(1995) The Modified Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression;reliability and validity. Psychiatry Research 14: 131-142 Mitcheson, L., Maslin, J., Meynen, T., Morrison, T., Hill, R. and Wanigaratne, S. (2010). Applied Cognitive and Behavioural Approaches to the Treatment of Addiction: A Practical Treatment Guide. Chichester: Wiley-Blackwell. NHS Information Centre for Health and Social Care (2011), Statistics on Alcohol: England 2011. The Health and Social Care Information Centre. NICE (2007). NICE clinical guideline 51. Drug Misuse: Psychosocial Interventions. London: National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence. Raistrick, D.,Heather, N and Godfrey. ,C (2006) Review of the effectiveness of treatment for alcohol problems. The National Treatment Agency for Substance Misuse. Weaver, T., Madden, P., Charles, V., Stimson, G., Renton, A., Tyrer, P., Barnes, T., Bench, C., Middleton, H., Wright, N., Paterson, S., Shanahan, W., Seivewright, N and Ford, C. (2003). Comorbidity of substance misuse and mental illness in community mental health and substance misuse services. British Journal of Psychiatry, 183, 304-313.

Why Firms become Multinational Enterprises

Why Firms become Multinational Enterprises Introduction One of the important aspects of globalization is the international transformation of the companies around the world. The companies have evolved from being a domestic firm to a multinational corporation and being present almost everywhere in the world either physically or via internet. These international companies are regarded as true MNCs only if they have made substantial direct investment in foreign countries and have actively and continuously taken part in the management of these assets (Barlett, Ghoshal, p2). Though the companies had started the internationalization process as early as in the seventeenth and the eighteenth century when the developed nations moved towards the under developed ones for acquiring key resources and in search for markets, but the latter part of the twentieth century and the beginning of twenty-first century witnessed a huge expansion in the extent to which the firms go international  (Barlett, ghoshal, p1). The internationalization process has trans formed greatly due to the evolution of the motives and the way firms integrate and expand their businesses around the world. There are both proactive and reactive motivations for a firm to go international. Proactive motivations are evident in firms that see a need for a strategic change and want to go international; whereas reactive firms are those that go international because they have to in order to deal with the competition from the domestic firms growing internationally as well as the foreign players entering the domestic market. (Czinkota, The Export Marketing Imperative, 2004, pg 4). This essay discusses these motives for firms to become MNEs and how they go about it. Why firms become Multinational Enterprises In the increasingly global business environment, many companies cannot afford to be under the assumption that their domestic markets will always be profitable. For this reason, many companies start with selling their existing products to the countries which have more number of consumers (e.g. China and India) or where consumers have more purchasing power (e.g., USA) (Rennie, Michael W, 193). This arises from the primary profit-seeking motive of the companies but also helps them to increase their brand identity and global presence (Czinkota, p4). These companies then customize their product line according to the country in which they are selling in order to expand their customer base and tackle the competition from the domestic players. So increased sales are a major motive for a companys expansion, and in fact, many of the worlds largest companies including Volkswagen (Germany), Ericsson (Sweden), IBM (United States), Michelin (France), Nestle (Switzerland), and Sony (Japan) derive more than half their sales from outside their home countries (UN Conference: Promoting Linkages, 2001). Another motive, which arose from the firms going international, was seeking cost effective resources to propel production for local and foreign markets. As the firms expanded geographically, they needed to attain competitive advantage over other foreign as well as the domestic companies. This drove them to invest abroad in countries where resources needed for production were available at low cost (Cosmin Sabau). In the earlier days, these resources included mainly the natural resources like rubber, steel, aluminum, etc., for example, crude oil was sourced from gulf countries to meet the shortfall in the domestic supply of crude oil. Today, it includes low cost land, labor and capital as well. This helped in lowering their cost of production and offering competitive prices to the customer. Sports good companies like Rawlings rely largely on labor in Costa Rica, a country that hardly plays baseball, to produce baseballs (Philip Hersh, 2009). The motivations to expand internationally however changed gradually in response to the great organizational and technological forces (Barlett, ghoshal, p6). One of the major contemporary motives is achieving economies of scale. It was first noted by manufacturers in the military aircraft industry in the 1920s and 1930s that direct labor costs decreased by a constant percentage as the cumulative number of aircraft produced doubled. By increasing the cumulative output and exporting to a larger market, the companies can bring down their cost of production by 20-30 percent (Ghemawat). Many companies establish foreign research and development (RD) facilities to tap additional scientific resources, sometimes acquiring useful knowledge in the process (Heather Berry, 2006, p 151-168). Avon, for instance, applies know-how from its Latin American marketing experience to help sell to the US Hispanic market (Nery Ynclan, July 23, 2002:EI). Yet another motive for companies going international was shortening PLCs (Barlett, ghoshal, p6). As the life of a product became shorter, adequate returns for all the research and development done for the product could be made only by introducing the product to multiple larger markets. In addition companies nowadays aim to launch the product simultaneously in as many markets as possible to enjoy the maximum returns before more firms start producing substitutes. How firms become Multinational Enterprises Internationalization is a very crucial and strategic decision that a company takes in its lifetime. Certain prerequisites need to be met before a firm can think of nationalizing and becoming an MNC. The first one is high country attractiveness. The country should be able to offer something that will promise a competitive advantage for the company or something that can help the company sustain its existing competitive advantage. Another prerequisite is the ownership of strategic competencies. The company should have some competencies that will help it counter balance the incognizance of foreign markets and environmental conditions. Also, the company should have some organizational capabilities that will increase the ROI by leveraging the companys strategic strengths intensively. These three prerequisites are essential for selecting the mode of internationalization and the mode of country entry that will help the company compete in world business. (Barlett, Ghoshal) There are many methods adopted by companies to internationalize and conquer foreign markets. The earliest method used by firms in their process of becoming MNEs was exports and imports. This may include both merchandise exports and imports and service exports and imports. Service exports and imports may be tourism and transportation, service performance and asset use. Some services earn payment for the companies for the performance of those services. For example, the companies may pay fees for turnkey projects which are transferred to the owner once they are operational. Management contracts also earn the companies fees for the performance of general and specialized management functions for another. Asset use includes Licensing, Franchising, etc. Licensing is the process of allowing another company to use its intangible assets like patents, trademarks, copyrights, or expertise, under contracts known as licensing agreements for which they earn royalties. Example. Franchising is the pr ocess of business in which a company permits another company to use the trademark as an asset of the franchisees business. The franchisor will help the franchisee by supplying raw materials, management services etc. and also will lay down guidelines and standards that are to be followed by the franchisee. For example, McDonalds has franchised its outlets in many countries like UK, India, etc. In many circumstances, a multinational with an exclusive technology may fear that a licensing contract lead to dissipation of its proprietary knowledge. In that case, setting up a foreign subsidiary is a preferable strategy. (http://cep.lse.ac.uk/pubs/download/CP167.pdf) Another method of expanding globally is by making investments on the foreign countries. Foreign investment implies ownership of foreign property in exchange for a financial return. There are two forms of foreign investment: direct and portfolio. The foreign direct investments (FDIs) confer the investor with a controlling stake in the company. For example, when Nintendos CEP bought the Seattle Mariners, the baseball team became a Japanese FDI in the US. Although the control in the foreign company need not be full; even with a minority stake and the remaining ownership widely dispersed, the foreign investor can take decisions that cannot be vetoed by any other owner. When the ownership of the company is taken by more than one company, it is called as a joint venture. Today, at least 61,000 companies worldwide control over 900,000 FDIs in every industry (UN Conference: FDI from Developing and Transition Economies, 2006, p 30-31). On the other hand, the foreign portfolio investment is a non controlling interest in a company or ownership of a loan made to another party. This can be in the form of stocks in a company or loans to a company in the forms of bonds, bills, or notes purchased by the investor. They are comparatively safer than FDIs in terms of risk. Conclusion The changing extent, character and geography of MNE activity over the past two decades is itself a reflection of a series of path-breaking technological, economic and political events. But internationalization is not a one size fits all approach have different motives to go global and do it in the way that best suits their business models and gives them maximum returns. Whichever method a company adopts, it goes through a learning process and increases its knowledge throughout the process. Internationalization has indeed become the need of the hour for companies to sustain their businesses in the long run and develop companys strategic and organizational capabilities.

The Character Kevin in Freak the Mighty :: Rodman Philbrick

Many people struggle to be accepted in our world because of disabilities. Freak the Mighty, by Rodman Philbrick, is a dramatic and inspiring novel about how two boys, who are â€Å"different†, become friends and unite towards a common cause. Kevin, an eighth grader who lives with his mother Gwen, is one of the two protagonists in this extraordinary novel. Kevin is a very knowledgeable young boy who doesn't let his disability limit his abilities. Kevin uses his imagination to minimize his disability in his every day life. In Preschool Kevin would march around the school with his leg braces and use his imagination to pretend that he was a robot. The fact that he uses his imagination to see his leg braces as â€Å"astounding† is a great example of Kevin using his imagination to minimize his disability. Kevin displays great determination in this novel. Near the beginning of this narrative, Kevin is playing with a mechanical bird and flies it up into a tree. He repeatedly tries to free it from the tree, even though he seems to be getting nowhere. He had his mind set on it, so he wouldn't stop until it was in his hands. This section of the story shows that if Kevin sets a goal for himself, he’ll do almost anything to achieve it. Another example is that when Kevin helps the cops look for Max when he’s reported missing Kevin never gives up looking for Max, even when the cops want to give up. This example is yet another form of great determination. All of these points help indicate that Kevin displays great determination through the novel by Rodman Philbrick. Kevin doesn’t let his disease put a negative effect on his learning.

Electrolysis :: Papers

Electrolysis How is the amount of copper deposited affected by the voltage? Aim The aim of this experiment is to find out what effect the change in voltage has upon the amount of copper deposited in 5 minutes. The voltages I will be using are 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 and 12volts; I will use these voltages because they are the only ones available on the power pack. I am doing the experiment for 5 minutes because it is enough time to get a result and it is short enough for doing 6 voltages in one lesson. I will repeat this on another lesson to gain 2 sets of results. Prediction I predict that 12v will produce the most copper because there is more energy being transferred into the copper ions making the move quicker. Fair testing To make this experiment fair I will; use the same amount of copper chloride (30ml) for each test, use the same graphite rods and sand them down to the same weight each time, do the experiment for the same length of time (5 mins). Apparatus * Power pack * 50ml beaker * 2 wires (with crocodile clips) * 2 graphite rods * Plastic rod holder * Sand paper * Copper chloride * Stop watch * Filter paper (to filter and deposited copper in the solution) * Funnel (to hold filter paper) * Weighing scales (electronic for more accuracy) [IMAGE] Method First I will plug in the power pack and the scales, pour 30ml of copper chloride into a beaker, sand a graphite rod, weigh it, record its weight and clip the negative wire to it (this rod is going to collect the copper because it is negative and the positive ions of the copper will be attracted to it), the other rod will have the positive

Analysis Of Project Management And Professional Development Education Essay

I draft here myself analysis study that describes my strengths and failings with groundss from what I have experienced in the yesteryear. Researching me reveals what went incorrect and what I have done to do things better. I realized that practising this sort of analysis on regular footing will ensue in uninterrupted ego development.My strengths:In conformity to Belbin ‘s scheme I recognized myself as a complete closer. I used to work as a interior decorator for three different concerns based in Singapore. My duties were geting the information from clients and happen the ways to implement them in their sites. I finish all my assignments exactly as required by the clients. I ‘ve received grasps from my clients for my clean work though it took excess clip. After six months of work experience I got promoted as a squad leader where I got an chance to pull off and take a squad. During this term of office I performed good with my colleagues and I identified and explored the leading accomplishments within me. I am a really good coordinator and many workers in other squad have shown involvement to fall in my squad. I achieved my scheme by forming and organizing the squad and administering the assigned undertaking every bit so that the squad members do non acquire stressed nor experience biased. After two old ages of work experience I moved to a new concern and posted as a Mechanical Engineer. There I ought to keep records ( difficult transcript and softcopy ) on my each and every determination and action and its consequences. The files are indispensable to be good organized in an appropriate mode. I can quickly follow any information from the files I am keeping while my colleagues even fighting to happen the vicinity of their files. From that I learned I have ability to maintain my information in a proper mode. I ever look for chances and when I see things which I do non cognize I make an attempt to larn them by making research on them. I learned new package Languages and tools by myself transporting research online. I have produced and lunched a website utilizing Flash, HTML, PHP which is perfectly irrelevant to my surveies and profession. I have achieved this accomplishment because of my ego assurance and self motive.My failing:I am cocksure on my decisive nature. Most of the times, I do non listen to others thoughts. I take all the needed determinations on my ain. In the past few of my higher-ups annoyed me by rejecting my thoughts. From that clip I developed the attitude to over support my determinations. Many times my thoughts were non good even though I ne'er gave up. My biggest failing is I do non show my endowments and accomplishments to others. For case, I worked in a machine fabrication concern as a trainee. There I learned everything really rapidly and aggressively. And I worked really barely by utilizing the accomplishments I have learned from my preparation period than other co-workers. Even though, I ne'er received any benefits from the direction. So I decided to travel out of the concern. When I was at that place to vacate my occupation the direction asked for the ground of my surrender. Therefore I told them I do non have any assessment for my public presentation and direction explained that it was my failing, as I did non market my accomplishments and difficult work to them. I am non so good in be aftering and clip direction. I do non be after for unanticipated and when it strikes I find myself behind agenda. While managing a undertaking in a Singapore civil building, I made hapless agendas which turned me in to the failure. The people who tendered the undertaking have fined our company for the delayed work. So my foreman was defeated and he gave a memo which made me to recognize the important of clip direction. I do non digest unfavorable judgment. When I was working in India as a interior decorator for a transnational company I was given in-charge of a undertaking. I was provided with 3 more people. I tried actuating the squad and had brainstorming Sessionss. My co-workers passed negative remarks on my attack and since I could n't digest it I had statements and I left the company.Opportunities to Increase Skills:Reading the Belbin ‘s scheme and Johari window I started discoursing with my friends about the things I am believing in my caput so it helps me to believe more loosely than earlier. While I worked in different companies my higher-ups suggested me to show my endowments. I thought if I express my endowments others might believe that I am a ego overstating individual. But now, I relished the necessity of showing our endowments with everyone by the aid of Johari Window. Though I had things done perfect was abashing to be late. I wanted to better, but I was n't cognizant of the right process to bring forth a twenty-four hours, hebdomad, month, and longtime agendas until I heard through the talks on clip direction. During my older yearss when I worked as mentioned in my failing I do non like remarks against my plants. After analyzing the Belbin and SWOT analyses I realised the great thaumaturgy of gaining unfavorable judgments as feedbacks which will assist us in different ways. As ken Blanchard says, the breakfast of an winner is feedback. So Feedback is indispensable for the ground that we need to cognize if we are bettering or non. Feedback gives extra thoughts to our programs. The group activities in the seminar helped a batch to better the communicating accomplishments. And when I am making each assignment in every faculty the accomplishment of seeking information, reading and note devising accomplishments, and composing accomplishment, are acquiring stronger.Wayss to Better My strength:The ways to be a complete closer, therefore I learned in my talks and harmonizing to Dianna ( 2008, pp.17-35 ) , interrupt your long clip ends in to screen clip ends. It will non look so hard to cover with in expectancy. Further to, when we complete one end before traveling to the following, we will hold a sense of satisfaction and accomplishment. This will assist us to travel towards following measure in a motor mode. Always choose the interesting and effortless piece of the undertaking and get down from at that place. It will give us increase in self confident when stoping up each piece of work. To go on to be a best leader as toilet ( 1998 ) describes, we should recognize our ain demands and features every bit good as each individual take parting in the group. It helps to cover with every individual as an person, to handle that person with esteem, and to assist the individual rise. As a leader demand to better a figure of single accomplishments like Communicate professionally to hold a right relationship, Plan absolutely to happen the way of end, Teach efficaciously to better accomplishments of the group members, puting up the illustration, commanding group public presentation, keeping records, measuring and reding, to execute more resourcefully. Two most of import accomplishments that we must hold to better all other accomplishments are self assurance and self motive. So we should give more of import to these accomplishments than all other. Self assurance and ego motive are really closely connected. If we non hold in assurance our ego, we can sure that we have jobs in the motive as good and vice-versa. The easiest manner to actuate us is to reiterate the things every twenty-four hours at a certain clip. The scientific discipline says â€Å" it will take 21 to 30 rhythms to put in new wonts within us † . It means we are motivated us towards a new wont twenty-four hours by twenty-four hours. Second manner to actuate us confidently is woolgathering. â€Å" You have to woolgather before your dreams can come true. † Abdul Kalam quotes ( X President of India, b.1931 ) . So when we dreams ( about ends ) strongly so our head will get down believing about it more loosely and congregate burden of information. John, Louis, and tassinary ( 2000 p.572 ) proved â€Å" encephalon reacts to input † . When holding tonss of information and cognition about something will bring forth assurance towards it. Thus the assurance automatically increases our motive.Wayss to suppress my failing:Teamwork knows as co-operative effort by a group of people to achieve a cosmopolitan mark. We have to larn how to manage struggle state of affairss is the trough issue that we will be confronting in teamwork. It can be accrue in figure of different fortunes like, grudge against our public presentation, disapproval of our activities or attack and confronting consecutive resistance to our deman d. However we holding a immense scope of endowments without showing, peers to salvaging the money without even eating. So we have to happen the ways to show and acquire the feedback from that to better our endowments even more. The manner to alter our attitude to back up showing accomplishments are good pass oning, ready to take hazard to face mistakes, and better creativeness to confront the inquiries against your look. And besides need to better ego motive to confront jobs towards showing. This look ever returns a feedback so it will assist us to pattern to happen the ways to acquire feedback for our plants. I recognized how to use our clip in an effectual mode by talks ( Time Management ) ; we should happen the end and track the right way to make our end. As mentioned earlier we can implement the cognition which we learned from talks. At first we need to happen how much clip we have towards our end. Second fix a clip tabular array by dividing our ends in to several kind clip ends and apportion them into the clip and come up with a agenda. And we should maintain records of our times which we are passing out of this program and necessitate to happen possibilities to convey those times in to our end.Events or Persons Slow Down my Growth:The unfavorable judgment is one of the utmost dislikeable things which largely make me annoyed and dissatisfactory towards my development. I like feedback from other but non my work to be criticized by other fellow people. Following to this the following most unacceptable thing is direction biased. This will de-motivate my involvement in my activities. Fina lly the most things I can non accept are changeless supervising which produces me a high emphasis and makes loss in concentration.Future Career Aspirations:I am certain that the analyses and schemes what I have learned will assist me batch in my hereafter. I have learnt how to do my ends and besides how to do it successful. I will utilize the accomplishments like clip direction, teamwork and puting a end in my future calling to do my work really good.now I am really clear that others feedback are really of import which will do me develop a batch in my calling. It is really deserving full to implement clip direction accomplishments, squad direction accomplishments, and puting up ends and its program in my feature disposal bearer. The squad work accomplishments which I have developed while in seminars and talks.DecisionNow I know my strengths and failings. Input signal from each gives me clear ways to get the better of failings and better my failings in assorted state of affairss. I r eally good realised now that â€Å" Fail to Plan is Plan to Fail † .

Teenage Curfews Essay

Everyone has a different opinion when discussing the issues of curfews. Councils across Britain have tried to come up with a strategy for young teenagers to remain indoors between specified hours, typically at night. Police forces are trying to impose that teenagers must have a curfew. Teenagers themselves do not get to have a say in the matter. 90% of teenagers already have a curfew that has been imposed by their parents. Although every teenager is different, the local community, the local council and the police believe putting a curfew in place will stop a lot of crime, vandalism, underage smoking, drinking and sex. One of the worries for putting a curfew in place is how will the teenagers react? The police have knuckled down on teenagers. If they see people under the age of eighteen smoking, they have the right to take their cigarettes off them but have to break them up in front of the smoker. If people under the age of eighteen also are caught with alcohol (usually in a crowd) they also have the right to take their bottles but have to pour the alcohol out in front of them, but if there is a couple of youths drinking in the streets they can get lifted or even charged. The two types of curfews are complete curfews and partial curfews. First of all a complete curfew is in place constantly. So, for example, if police find a teenager out on the streets past a certain time they have the right to take them home or even to the cells if they had been causing bother. Secondly, a partial curfew is put in place when there are particular times where anti sociable behavior has taken place, for example when it is a weekend or school holidays and teenagers can be out all day and night with no adult guidance to keep them from starting trouble. Some people believe that a curfew should be put in action because it keeps teenagers of the streets and stops them from behaving antisocially. It is good for parents to know where their children are and for them to know they aren’t out on the streets causing trouble so it can make parents feel more relaxed. 75% of adults would agree that having a curfew in place is to protect their children and keep them out of troub le. A common saying coming from parents is â€Å"A lot of the worst activities teenagers can get involved in happen later at night, so if the teen is in at the time they are given it well help keep them out of trouble.† It’s stereotypical to think all the crime happens late at night but the majority of crime that does happen is at night so