Rowlandson And Equiano s Narratives Of Captivity And...

Mary Rowlandson and Olaudah Equiano are both victims of captivity and share their stories through detailed personal experiences in their narratives on captivity. Rowlandson was an American settler that faced the hardship of being captured during a period where tension was high between Native Americans and the American settlers. Equiano shares a similar story growing up in Guinea west of modern day Nigeria, a major slave trade port in Africa where Nigerians were kidnapped and sold into slavery. Comparing the historical context that led to the captures of both Rowlandson and Equiano, to their depictions in their narratives are important because they are the events that took place in society that sparked the narratives of captivity written by†¦show more content†¦The first African slaves were believed to have landed in Portuguese in 1442, the Portuguese merchants of this time were known to trade goods for slaves with Nigerians. The Portuguese were well known for trading slaves prior to the Europeans discovering America in 1492. According to an article titled The Transatlantic Slave Trade, â€Å"By 1490 approximately more than 3,000 slaves a year were being transported to Portugal and Spain from Africa†. Once Europeans colonized American land this began the three-way slave trade between Europe, Africa, and America. Majority of the slaves during this time came from slave traders in Nigeria, which was known to be majorly controlled by the Aro, Oyo, and Hausa groups. These slave trade groups were often under heavy pressure of the slave economy to constantly provide slaves for trading which resulted in war amongst the groups. Europeans initially began capturing slaves themselves from Africa by raiding villages, but later on realized it was mutually beneficial for both Europeans and slave traders to purchase slaves from traders, military, and local rulers. The Europeans relied heavily on the Nigerians to capture slaves for them because the Europeans did not want to risk losing their men during raids and captures. Europeans and Nigerians began to develop a more personal relationship as the slave trade began to take off. Europeans would often persuade Nigerians to send family off to Europe because the Europeans knew that

Ms. Valerie H Scott Free Essays

Leader as Communicator August 24, 2014 While reflecting on my life experiences and how they have shaped or influenced my behaviors and attitudes, I must refer back to the life experiences of Howard Schultz, because ironically we share the same values that were a result of our similar life experiences. My father died when I was 11 months old soon to turn a year, therefore, I was raised by my mother, who chose never to remarry out of concern for re two younger daughters me and my sister, Peggy, who is six years older than I. We have an older sister who had long be married and raising her own family. We will write a custom essay sample on Ms. Valerie H Scott or any similar topic only for you Order Now My mother is a single uneducated parent raising two girls alone doing the best that she could to â€Å"make ends meet. † She did domestic work in an orphanage home for years and later landed a Job in the dietary department of a local Nursing Home in our hometown as a cook. Needless to say, the monies that my mother earned were minimum and as a result we were always struggling financially. There was hardly enough money for the bare necessities such as food and the other basic needs that are required for daily survival. Always feeling put down because I had less than other children who I thought had it all, I became determined in my heart that if I was ever given an opportunity to make a difference in the world, that I would become a nurturer of humanity. I believe strongly in humanity and human relations and that every person should be treated with dignity and respect and I have diligently remained true to this core value that I have held in my heart for years. It is a guiding force in my life along with my relationship with Christ. Like Howard Schultz, I adopted the of never leaving anyone behind† which has become a motivating factor in the way that I purpose to treat every person that crosses my past in my Journey on this earth. I am compelled to help people see their value through the eyes of God and to embrace this reality as their true identity. According to Terry Pearce in Leading Out Loud, there is a rare group of people that are willing and able to communicate with others using the raw eternal of their own conviction. Clearly, these leaders were courageous enough to communicate authentically from the basis of their real values, whether they were giving speeches, advocating a cause, writing memos, or conversing informally (p. 18). He further adds in his article, Communicate from the Inside Out, â€Å"Discovering what matters is the first and most critical piece of leadership development. † According to Pearce by have an understanding of defining moments in one’s life facilitates an und erstanding of the values and experiences makes them care about their performance and the performance of the people they lead. How to cite Ms. Valerie H Scott, Papers

Consumer Purchase Analysis-Free-Samples-Myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Consumer Purchase Analysis. Answer: Introduction Consumer purchasing behavior is complicated and multi layered process. Several cognitive factors are controlling the consumers choice, preference and need that lead to the purchasing decision. The consumers are engaged in purchasing and decision making process every day. He applies certain methods every time he buys a product or acquires some service consciously or not. The psychology of the consumer plays the most important role in the decision making process. Consumer psychology affects each steps of selecting, identifying, searching, collecting, interpreting and purchasing. Consumers take help from many external mediums in order to make the decision. The peer groups, own idea, other sellers and the internet help him in the process. Consumer Age- 25 Gender Male Marital Status Single Education Level university Occupation - student Generational Cohort Generation Y Value Segment Look at me Psychographics Wants to enjoy life at its fullest Spends time with friends Always visits some places Believes in spending Enjoys shopping Prefers television, mobile phones, laptops Personality traits Loves his / her friends Does not care about the family Self cantered Does not respect other or rules Involved in fun activities Roy Morgans value segment The value segment developed by Roy Morgan focuses on the segments of people who represent the consumer and act as the drivers for choice and change (Collie and Escorcia, 2016). The consumer in this report can be categorized in the segment of look at me. According to Roy Morgans value segment, this segment can be identified as peer driven, unsophisticated, active and self centered (Dawes, 2015). Family is not the deciding factor to measure them. They represents the decibel generation (Schiffman et al., 2013). The international products control most of their consumption habit. The particular generation can be defined as McDonalds, Pepsi living generation who spend lot of money. They are always busy watching something entertaining or visiting somewhere. This segment covers almost 12% of Australias population (Kotler et al., 2015). Consumer behavior Maslow need-hierarchy and consumer behavior According to Maslow the need-hierarchy is based on humans need for physiology, safety, self esteem, social, and actualization (Taormina Gao, 2013).To understand the consumer behavior the theory of need, developed by Abraham Maslow (1954) can be helpful. According to Maslow, human need can be categorized in five sections. Human need related to psychology, safety, affection, esteem and self actualization form the hierarchy model from lower level of need to the higher level of need. However to reach the higher level of need the consumer must meet the lower level of needs. The lower level of needs mostly consists of the basic needs such as food, water or safety. The feeling of accomplishments and need for love are the psychological needs and finally the consumer feels the need to achieve his full potential (Caruana Chatzidakis, 2014). There are several factors which act as the drivers for maintaining the continuity of the process. The current companies engage in applying marketing strategies which are mainly focused on consumer buying habit. All the companies aim to increase their business in the market and revenue by increasing the consumers. The behavior of the consumers is a complicated process and the decision regarding buying a specific product or from a specific vendor depends on his or her learning and experience. Consumers are selective and influenced by factors like family, peers, society, motivation and personal (Solomon, 2014). Their practice of repurchasing is also depends on previous experience and psychological factors. Customized techniques related to marketing have been adopted by the large companies in order to understand the consumers decision making process. The customer goes through the steps such as the problem recognition in the initial stage of purchasing, selection before deciding upon a sp ecific product (Rani, 2014). Figure: Consumer Buying decision making process (Source: Made by Author) However which products are successful in building the customer loyalty will not face such challenges easily as the customer will repeat their purchase habit similarly with the same product. Satisfied customer will not look for substitute products. It is examined that the most successful companies have achieved such success by giving importance to the consumer behavior. The cognitive learning and the psychological learning helping the company to gain customer trust (Boush, Friestad Wright, 2015). The consumer not only acquires the products with greater brand value but also the products that are offering additional services. The data shows that the consumer visits the Woolworth supermarket for a coke or meat frequently. The Woolworth supermarket is popular for its offers and discounts. The stores often offer many value added services, which attract the consumer to visit the place at a regular basis. The consumer sometimes purchases the necessary products through internet by using the Woolworth app. They give holiday tickets or discount coupons to its customers. As the consumer is a regular customer at the supermarket, he gets some special discounts. He has an account at the online transaction and benefits of Everyday money credit card. The consumers behavior can also be analyzed by dividing them into two categories such as the collective deciding process and individual deciding process (Anderson, 2013). The environment, demography and perception also play important role in the se two types of deciding processes. Morgenstern and Bernoulli developed the decision making theory based on the customers cognitive expectation and satisfaction. How the products are marketing and promoting themselves in the market is also a significant factor in the customer decision making process (Ribeiro, 2014). Example- The consumers purchasing of Coca-Cola almost seems to be routine response. Selecting or purchasing this product does not involve much cognitive process from the consumer. The brand is so recognized and influential to the consumer that he does not even consider other soft drinks while making decision. The promotion of the US based world renowned company is so well advertised in all visual and audio medium turned the consumer into a loyal customer. The black box model The black box model highlights the relationship between the stimulus of the consumers and their response. The characteristics of the black box guide the consumers to response and take decision (McFadden, 2014). The consumer affects the organizational marketing strategies by actively participating from the identification to post purchase evaluation. Once the learning appears positive for the consumer he narrows down the search for alternatives and focuses on the current product. The consumers age, personality, occupation, life style and financial condition influence the consumer behavior as well. In this report the subject is a young adult male consumer, who is engaged in studies and fun activities. He purchasing is dominated by fresh vegetables and meat from the supermarket, ready to eat food products, snacks and soft drinks. The electronics goods also take significant part in his consumer behavior. From previous buying experience the consumer gain knowledge and learning (Glowik, Slawomir, Smyczek 2011). The consumer is a regular loyal customer of the Woolworth super market. Their effective advertisement of fresh food and healthy life developed a great impact on the consumer. The brand value and image is very positive. Though other multiple supermarket or grocery stores are available for the consumer, Woolworth is still his first choice. The data shows if he is visiting some other stores of similar kind like Cole, he is more focusing on some specific branded products. However when he is visiting Woolworth, a pattern is visible in consumption behavior. So in other stores he is more focusing on products which are not the store specific but when he is in Woolworth he prefers the products made by the store itself. For electronic products or accessories the consumer shows more dependency on internet. The purchase data shows that apart from grocery or food he has purchased two electronic products and accessories in the last week. The laptop can be considered as a high involvement product. However in both the purchasing he used the online site Kogan (Kogan.com, 2017). The consumer invested much time and thoughts before purchasing the laptop. So the service that the company delivered to him was satisfactory. He received the product on time, and the product was exactly what he expected it to be. However the post purchasing evaluation made him decide to buy another product from the same site. Though this was just a slipping mask , but the company has succeeded to gain his loyalty and the consumer is likely to visit and buy from the site again. Woolworth and Fresh food Woolworth is one of biggest grocery sales market of Australia. Approximately 29 millioncustomers every week get service from Woolworth (Woolworths.com.au, 2017).. In its initial years it was just a food retailer, but now it covers majority of the Australian grocery market. The organization is achieving customer acceptance and loyalty by applying marketing strategies that are largely focused on product quality, customer convenience, diverse range, heath and taste conscious and lower price. The annual report (2016) shows that they continuously offer customers with rewards, offers, benefits in order to maintain customer sustainability. The meat product by the super market is praised for its freshness. The company claims that the 100% of meat is collected from authentic Australian growers and farmers (Woolworths.com.au, 2017). Their slogan of transforming Australians into fresh food people appeals to a lot of citizens. They are dedicated to offer the consumers the most comfortable and si mple ways to shop. The customers can order the service from their home by using the app or by visiting the local store. The company makes sure that the products are getting delivered to the customers house fast. Woolworth offers hundreds of products to its customers in order to satisfy the target consumers. They evaluate and analyze the consumer behavior and design the ranges accordingly . The Woolworth is there in 961 locations across Australia. Above that it is available online. The traveling cost is minimized for the consumer that encourages him to visit the store often. The pricing strategy of market penetration has been adopted by the company which helps the company to stay ahead of its competitors. The offers like half price offers or birthday offers successfully attract and retain the customers for longer period. Comparison between high involvement and low involvement products As we have experienced many internal and external factors influenced the consumers purchasing habit. In most cases the consumer was able to make buying decision quickly but in few cases the action was delayed. He used his learning, knowledge and experience in each decision making. In most cases this consumer was not involved in the decision making process for long. This can be analyzed both ways. In one hand the involvement level demonstrates how much the consumer was interested in buying a specific product. On the other hand the consumer was possessed adequate knowledge about the specific product, so he did not require a higher level of involvement. The consumers frequent purchasing from a specific supermarket reflects his routine while his purchasing certain products from different restaurants required greater level of involvement. In those cases he took much time or others influence to make the decision made it a longer process. It is always the customer who decides the involvemen t, not the product or service. At times the consumer has looked for various products but opted for one or none; however sometimes he wanted one or two products but ended up searching or purchasing more than that. The consumers routine response behavior can be linked to his purchasing the low involvement products. In buying the low involvement products the consumer was involved in automatic buying decision. This automatic buying decision is built upon the information he has been gathering for long. The consumers purchasing the soft drink can be defined as the routine behavior. While the consumer was making the decision regarding buying a specific branded soft drink, he might not even considered other drink options than the specific brand. Whenever he needed the soft drink, he only searched for that one. It has been noticed that he bought same soft drink from different stores. This low involvement products required little to no planning. This practice of the buyer can be defined as the impulse buying (Muruganantham Bhakat, 2013). While the consumer was waiting at the counter to pay for the specific product or when he was reaching to the definite spot, where the drink is available some other product might have caught his attraction. These were bag of chips or a packet of instant noodles or another bottle of cold drink, which he bought just based on his impulse. These products generally require low involvement as well. The products with high price often led to higher decision involvement. The high involvement products are not bought frequently but it was necessary and relevant for the consumer. the consumer did not engage in the discussed routine response while buying the high involvement products. However, here the consumer engages in the process of extended problem solving. He invested more time, energy and thoughts before making the decision. Before buyi ng the laptop from Kogan, he not only thoroughly analyzed the description of the desired product but also compared features and prices of other products. The consumer suffered from post buying dissonance (Sharma, 2014). as he was skeptic between two products. The companies are aware that selling high involvement products can be risky for them. In order to resolve this issue, the company provides the consumer with as much information related to the product as possible. Figure: Comparison between low and high involvement product (Source: Made by Author) Conclusion The studying of a specific consumers purchasing behavior actually helped to explore and examine the determinants of the buying decision. Consumer behavior and marketing theories have been referred and explained in order to justify the consumer behavioral pattern. During the analysing it has been observed that consumer psychology, life style and marketing stimuli pay significant role in the decision making process. The customer goes back to the vendors who he was happy with. The positive impression is extremely necessary as it leads the customer to repurchasing. The practical analysis of the world famous industrial products highlights a successful business policies and strategies in relationship with the consumers. Their understanding of consumer behavior and taking necessary actions to satisfy them has made them frontrunners in the world market. The consumer in discussion is an explorer and tries various things. However for certain products he only takes service from the same vendors . The service there, fulfill his preference, need and satisfaction. References Anderson, L., Ostrom, A. L., Corus, C., Fisk, R. P., Gallan, A. S., Giraldo, M., ... Shirahada, K. (2013). Transformative service research: An agenda for the future.Journal of Business Research,66(8), 1203-1210. Boush, D. M., Friestad, M., Wright, P. (2015).Deception in the marketplace: The psychology of deceptive persuasion and consumer self-protection. Routledge. Caruana, R., Chatzidakis, A. (2014). Consumer social responsibility (CnSR): Toward a multi-level, multi-agent conceptualization of the other CSR.Journal of Business Ethics,121(4), 577-592. Collie, A., Escorcia, F. (2016, September). Breaking Habits, an application of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for online learning and behavior change. InInternational Social Marketing Conference 2016 Societal Wellbeing(p. 126). Dawes, J. G. (2015). Customers: What You Need to Know, and How You Find It.Browser Download This Paper. Fresh Food. (2017).Woolworths.com.au. Retrieved 14 August 2017, from https://www.woolworths.com.au/Shop/Discover/fresh/fresh-food-guide?name=meat-guidecardId=2 Kogan.com.,(2017) | Australia's Premier Shopping Destination.Kogan Australia. Retrieved 14 August 2017, from https://www.kogan.com/au/ Kotler, P., Burton, ., Deans, ., Brown, L., Armstrong, G. (2015).Marketing. Pearson Higher Education AU. McFadden, D. (2014). The new science of pleasure: consumer choice behavior and the measurement of well-being.Handbook of Choice Modeling, 7-48. Muruganantham, G., Bhakat, R. S. (2013). A review of impulse buying behavior.International Journal of Marketing Studies,5(3), 149. Rani, P. (2014). Factors influencing consumer behaviour.International journal of current research and academic review,2(9), 52-61. Ribeiro, R. D. C., Flores Filho, E. G. J., De Freitas, A. C. V. (2014). Consumer Behavior and Regulation Biases: An Analysis of the Effect of Information on Food Consumption.International Journal of Business and Social Science,5(6). Schiffman, L., O'Cass, A., Paladino, A., Carlson, J. (2013).Consumer behaviour. Pearson Higher Education AU. Sharma, M. K. (2014). The Impact on Consumer Buying Behaviour: Cognitive Dissonance.Global Journal of Finance and Management,6(9), 833-840. Solomon, M. R. (2014).Consumer behavior: Buying, having, and being(Vol. 10). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall.

The Breakfast Club free essay sample

â€Å"The Breakfast Club† In the movie â€Å"The Breakfast Club† three interpersonal Terms that I found to be successfully use in the movie is. Interpersonal communication when the five high school student has to realize their mean to communicate with one another. Affection, the basic human need to be liked, this is when the tough guy that show himself not as one of the high school student, but show some affection and caring toward other as well, and Self-disclosure, an occasion when you just want to tell someone something about you, open up to others. While these students are in a completely different clique, they were not complete stranger to another; force to stay in detention, these five students got to know one another by sharing their stories and understanding one another. The breakfast club is one of a great movie that express the form of message to convey that communication can really bring the best out of one another. We will write a custom essay sample on The Breakfast Club or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page In the breakfast club we have, Allison, a weirdo, Brian, a nerd, John, a criminal, Claire, a prom queen, and Andrew, a jock, all of them are forced to stay in detention on Saturday, but by the end of the day, these kids found out that they have more in common to one another then they believed elsewhere. The interpersonal communication term will be selected from the scene where Clair and bender are going through one another purse. The scene represent that interpersonal communication is a very heavy influences on both of the characters. In the previous scene between Bender and Claire, they are very hostile toward one another, and very self-disclose. Claire ask Bender some very personal question from either her experience to his experience, and Bender will answer, but no matter what Bender answer he continuously sending Claire a message about himself, which is a form of communication. As for Bender he probably wouldn’t mind asking the same question after realizing about Claire disbelief in monogamy. We know that interpersonal communication is irreversible as well, after this scene has been showed to us, it would be very hard for Bender to argue that he believes in monogamy or for Claire to argue that she doesn’t. Then we come to Affection. Affection defines as a basic human need to be liked and esteemed. We take â€Å"The criminal† John Bender, he show now respect toward anyone more especially toward the teacher and school property, but  then John began to begin to show acceptance for himself and to his classmates during at the end of the movies, He began to accept that he need to accept the kind of person he is, and showing more and more kindness toward everyone else. During the whole movies, John always make fun of Claire â€Å" The Princess†, but at the end we all know that he doing it obviously doing it to shows compassion toward her. This showed he wanted to belong somewhere. He accepted himself by not showing as a tough guys throughout the entire show, but showing affection and caring. Lastly, Self-Discloser. â€Å" We are all pretty bizarre. Some of us are better at hiding it, that’s all† Andrew â€Å"The Breakfast Club†. Andrew describes the struggle to live up to his father expectation, and other opinion as well. Also of Bender stories of how his father abuse him. Both stories are somewhat very different among each other, but that is why Bender tell Andrew â€Å" I think my dad and your dad ought to get together and go bowling†. Both of them now are bonding together to fight against someone that are very self-discloser to them. Parent, peer pressure, boredom but mostly it is authority figures.

Assessment of effective critical analysis of PR and RM to successful promotion of an international event

Assessment of effective critical analysis of PR and RM to successful promotion of an international event Public relations can be defined as a management function which establishes and maintains mutually beneficial relationships between an organization and the general public on whom its success or failure depends (Egan Jefkins, 2004). Public relation has gone beyond the normal activity of communication. It now encompasses other activities that are aimed at improving the relationship of the organization and its clients (Egan Jefkins, 2004).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Assessment of effective critical analysis of PR and RM to successful promotion of an international event specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More On the other hand, relationship marketing encompasses the act of business creating a mutually beneficial exchange with its partners (Egan Jefkins, 2004). This aims at creating customer loyalty and interaction with the organization. This is achieved through delivering of customer information on needs under an open co mmunication (Breakenridge, 2008). In this study, we look at the impacts of public relations transformations towards the changing society, the literature review behind the public relation and relationship supporting theories. Lastly, we assess the importance of public relations and relationship management on a particular organization, Winbeldon championship, and how it has helped it in its various relations with the members of the general public. The world has undergone various technological changes over the last few decades (Center Jackson, 2003). This has resulted in changes to the society and the economy at large for various countries. One of the major revolutions in the technological change is in the introduction of computer based programs (Chaffey Smith, 2008). The information revolution has led to changes in the way of doing business which in turn affects the public relations (Center Jackson, 2003). The computers have made it easy to write, edit information, and send message s (Chaffey Smith, 2008). There is also instant receiving of feedback from the respondent. Most services have also been transferred online such as bank services, library among others (Chaffey Smith, 2008). The telephone industries with the help of computers have also come up with teleconferencing where people can meet and discuss various issues online. Through it, business can be able to reach out to clients and obtain information about their products. Apart from changing the structure of conducting business, there are also new opportunities that have come up as a due to changes in the information (Egan Jefkins, 2004). These include opportunities such as upgraded research capabilities and electronic media, which helps in reaching out to stakeholders (Curtin Gaither, 2007).Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More PR experts can now send messages to specific audiences in various locations, job group categories, education levels among other. It is also possible to get instant feedback from the person receiving the message (Curtin Gaither, 2007). Lastly, practitioners have an improved chance of assessing the effectiveness of the PR campaigns (Curtin Gaither, 2007). Public relations have borrowed a lot from other fields such as psychology, law, communication among others (Breakenridge, 2008). Many of the theories that try to explain various aspects in PR are borrowed from these fields. One of the theories of PR is the rhetorical approach (Breakenridge, 2008). The theory helps in defining the rhetorical dialogue that arrives at conclusions and influence actions in two ways. In this approach, people could exchange statements between groups about various products, services, public policies among others which help in determining each groups view on values, realities and choices (Duhà ©, 2007). When there is an eruption of disagreement, clients and PR ex perts help in adopting a persuasive discourse (Duhà ©, 2007). One area that rhetorical theory and asymmetrical theory come into an agreement is on the playing ground. This is because they both suggest that it should be level in a moral practice. According to Health (2006), each public policy should be allowed to stand on its own merit in the market place. This statement falls in the asymmetrical view of public relations. However, critics on the theory of rhetorical approach say that it does not make public reactions appear more moral unless the people who are involved are equally resourced (Health, 2006). Another approach to public relations and relationship management is developed by Ledingham and Bruning (Center Jackson, 2003). They edited a book in the year 2000, which aimed at giving an approach to public relation. It helps in providing a better meaning of public relations in an organizational structure together with the society (Hung, 2009). This approach provides the dimensi ons of organizational sponsoring and the public. This includes commitment, cooperation, credibility, openness, asymmetry among others. Under this model, it is the role of professional in public relation to outline the elements they mean when they are referring to a relationship in each project (Hung, 2009).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Assessment of effective critical analysis of PR and RM to successful promotion of an international event specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Since aspects of relationship are not symmetrical, it is hard to compare it with other theories such as the one above. From the author’s point of view, relationship management approach is more of instrumental procedure rather than an approach (Hung, 2009). It can also be described as an aspect of â€Å"goodwill† in public relations. Thus, in this description it is able to cover many relationship dimensions as indicated above althoug h not all of them may be categorized as symmetrical (Health, 2006). A Wimbledon championship is an international sporting event that attracts a lot of interest from the public (Grunig, 2006). It has a rich history dating back to the year 1877. It has continuously improved in regard to changes in the information world. Its first stage was in All England Lawn Tennis and Croquet club in the year 1868 in Wimbledon (Grunig, 2006). The participant of the event had been drawn from the first year tournament of England. It attracted many crowds within the region until the year 1905 when it moved to international. May Sutton from the United States of America was the first champion in the ladies singles after moving international (Grunig, 2006). It continued to attract many crowds all over the world every year except for the period of World War II to the year 1949 when it was not held. It started again after reconstruction of Europe was complete from the destructions of the war. Despite having significant developments in the air travel in the 1950s, many people from overseas could not attend since the championship was not open to overseas participants. It lasted so until the year 1967 when it players from all categories admitted for its reopening. Since then, many changes have been made to give room for development in the organization and improvement of facilities (Barnett, 2008). Long term plans for improvement of All England Lawn Tennis club were started in the year 1993 since it the club that hosts the championship (Grunig, 2006). This plan aimed at building a broadcasting center and increasing the court grass to two. This was achieved in the year 1997. The second stage of the plan involved dismantling the first court in order to build a new building for press, players, officials and the members (Grunig, 2006). It also aimed at increasing the sitting capacity by 768 seats. The third stage involved constructing a housing club for staff, bank, ticket area, museums and a lso increasing the sitting capacity (Grunig, 2006). This was accomplished in the year 2011, and was crowned with the year 2011 championships. The internal stakeholders of the Wimbledon championships include All England Lawn Tennis Club, club members, volunteers and representatives from the press, club staff and the committee of management (Watson Noble, 2007). The external stakeholders include International Tennis Federation, players, officials, suppliers, community, The Lawn Tennis Association, transport providers and Wimbledon local authorities among others (Watson Noble, 2007).Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In the analysis of the internal stakeholders PR strategies, one strategy is the goal and strategy alignment for public strategies (Sweetser Metzgar). This is aimed at those working in the planning and preparations of the championships to clearly define their goals together with those of the organization. This will help in setting priorities and keeping them at sight every time. A professional development strategy was developed for three professional development programs. These include the staff, management committee and participants in the preparation of the championship (Sweetser Metzgar). These were aimed at keeping them focused on their roles and are able to make developments in their fields. One program is online through the website while others are off line. The employee rounding is a crucial management tool that is emphasized for implementation in all departments. Managers interact with each employee, volunteer, representative among other stakeholders in their daily duties o r during informal meetings with small groups (Botan Taylor, 2004). This help in strengthening the relationship between employees and managers as new ideas are easily exchanged in a friendly environment. The other strategy is about recognition and appreciation (Sweetser Metzgar). This involves giving attention to the employees’ ideas and suggestions and possibly going further to implementing them (Duhà ©, 2007). It also covers the part of appreciating employees for their exemplary work through various ways of recognising performance. Lastly on internal analysis is the work balance which Wimbledon championship uses in communicating to its staff (Sweetser Metzgar). This is achieved by developing a flexible schedule with time offs during workdays. During this time, employees have an opportunity to participate in charity events, volunteering or exercises. In the analysis of the external stakeholders and RM strategies, a corporate website has been developed that links Wimbledon championships to the general public (Sweetser Metzgar). Important messages and information are posted on the website. These include items such as tournament schedules, results, items available in the museum among others (Botan Taylor, 2004). Members and the general public can also post their comments, suggestions and also questions which they may be having about the championship and the public relations team can easily respond to them (Barnett, 2008). Another strategy is the media room control. This is controlled by the public relations function that is linked to the website and it helps in posting relevant information for the public to know (Botan Taylor, 2004). The public relations function is updated regularly and carries the same message with the corporate website. A blog spot has also been used in monitoring the relevant weblogs (Botan Taylor, 2004). The other strategy used by Wimbledon championship is press releases (Sweetser Metzgar). They have been used in communicatin g with various stakeholders. The press is involved in preparation of the different events for the championships and thus releases firsthand information to the public (Botan Taylor, 2004). Also, the events are covered by media houses from all over the world because they attract competitors from all over the world. In the year 2011, championships, the public relation was given a boost. Before the beginning of the tournament, a documentary was first shown which was divided into four parts (Roper, 2005). The first part was about the history of the Wimbledon championships, the achievements it has gained and the anticipated future of the championships. Lastly, public relations also use the social awareness that is done through community service activities and support (Roper, 2005). The championships together with All England Lawn Tennis club are involved in donations and charitable contributions towards the welfare of local communities (Roper, 2005). This has been done in areas such as M erton and Wandsworth. If proceedings from the tournament are excess, they are transferred to the Tennis Association of the country to help in developing the sport. The All England Lawn Tennis club also launched another tournament for championship called Wimbledon Junior Tennis initiative (Gregory, 2000). This was launched in the year 2011 through a program called ‘The road to Wimbledon’. It also launched the Museum education program in the same year together with the department of education (Gregory, 2000). This was aimed at educating the primary and secondary level students undertaking leisure and physical education courses. In conclusion, public relation has improved in the recent past in accordance to the changing information world. Through its changes, it has enabled the Wimbledon championship to grow from just a single country organization to a global organization. This was empowered by the ability to reach people from all over the world and attract large crowds. R elationship management has also improved through a great deal in the recent past. This has helped many organizations to have healthy relationships with their clients. In case of Wimbledon championships, it has assisted in its development through intensive communication of the organizers and the general public, press, supporters, volunteers among others. Thus, public relations and relationship management will continue to undergo transformations in a way to keep up with the fast growing information world. Reference List Barnett, J. (2008). Developing a PR Strategy. Terena Secretariat: London. Botan, C., H. Taylor, M. 2004. ‘Public Relations: State of the Field’, Journal of Communication.Vol 54 No. 4. Pp 645-661. Breakenridge, D. 2008. PR 2.0: New Media, New Tools, New Audiences. Pearson Education, Inc: New York. Center, A., H., Jackson, P. 2003. Public Relations Practices: Managerial case studies and Problems. Prentice Hall: Upper Saddle River. Chaffey, D. Smith, P. 20 08. eMarketing eXcellence, planning and optimising your digital Marketing. Elsevier: Salt Lake. Curtin, P A., Gaither, T. K. 2007. International Public Relations: negotiating culture, identity, and power, Thousand Oaks. SAGE Publications: California. Duhà ©, S., C. 2007. New Media and Public Relations. Peter Lang: New York. Egan, B., P, Jefkins, F. 2004. Public Relations Contemporary Issues and Techniques. Elsevier Butterworth-Heinemann: Oxford. Gregory, A. 2000. Planning and Managing Public Relations Campaign. Kogan Page: London. Grunig, J., E. 2006. ‘Furnishing the Edifice: Ongoing Research on Public Relations as a Strategic Management Function’, Journal of Public Relations Research. Vol 18 No. 2. Pp 151-176. Health, R., L. 2006. ‘Onward Into More Fog: Thoughts on Public Relations Research Directions’, Journal of Public Relations Research. Vol 18 No 2. Pp 93-114. Hung, C., F. 2009. ‘Exploring Types of Organization–Public Relationships and T heir Implications for Relationship Management in Public Relations’, Journal of Public Relations Research. Vol 17 No. 4. Pp 393-426. Roper, J. 2005. ‘Symmetrical Communication: Excellent Public Relations or a Strategy for Hegemony’? Journal of Public Relations Research. Vol 17 No. 1. Pp69-86. Sweetser, K., D. Metzgar, E. 2007. ‘Communicating during crisis: Use of blogs as a relationship management tool’, Public Relations Review. Vol 33 No. 3. Pp 340-342. Watson, T. Noble, P. 2007. Evaluating Public Relations: A Best Practice Guide to Public Relations Planning, Research and Evaluation. Kogan Page Publishers: New York.

Absurdity of a Sivilized Society-an Analysis of Huckleberry Finn

The Absurdity of a â€Å"Sivilized† Society Authors often express their views on any given subject through their works, and Mark Twain is no exception. One may read The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn and believe it is simply a novel about a young boys childhood; however, a deeper analysis of the text reveals many of Mark Twain’s expressions about important moral and social issues. Perhaps one of the most prominent being the frailty of human justice and the hypocrisy we as a people foster in our societies. Throughout the novel, Huck meets people who appear to be good, civilized people, but always end up having a hypocritical fault about them. Though not every instance is a grave matter, Twain’s writing shows that societies in Huck’s world are based upon corrupted laws and principles that defy basic logic. Twain’s writing leaves the reader with an understanding that cowardice, illogical choices, and selfish as well as hypocritical people mark these societies. Twain begins weaving hypocrisies and cants early into the story; one of the most appalling being the issue of Huck’s custody. This flawed system of thought is first shown when the new judge in St. Petersburg rules that Pap has rightful custody of Huck. Although this would be bad for Huck if his father became his legal guardian, the judge asserts Pap’s rights to Huck as his biological son, despite the fact that this is placing Huck’s welfare below the so-called rights of his father. Ironically, this system would put Huck under his dad’s custody, leaving him worse off, whereas Jim is separated from his family despite being a far better father and person. However, the welfare of the individual isn’t highly valued in society, and thus they are placed in uncomfortable, often dangerous situations. The judge tries to put Huck back in contact with his horrid father and therefore abuse, but Jim, a loving parent, never receives help to be with his children and help rescue them from slavery and separation. This decision defies all logic one would find in a normal society, and yet this kind of thinking was commonplace. The values and welfare of a black person were nowhere near as important as those of a white man, and even though Jim is a grown man with the most in tune moral compass of any character in the book, Huck still has power over him simply because he is white. By comparing the situation of Pap and Huck with slaves and their masters, Twain hints that it is impossible for a society to be civilized so long as it practices slavery. Though not quite as harmful, another example of a hypocritical character can be found in the Widow Douglas and Miss Watson. In an attempt to â€Å"sivilize† Huckleberry, Miss Watson reprimands him for smoking a cigarette and yet she snuffs tobacco. â€Å"Pretty soon I wanted to smoke, and asked the widow to let me. But she wouldn’t. She said it was a mean practice and wasn’t clean, and I must try to not do it any more†¦ And she took snuff, too; of course that was all right, because she done it herself† (Twain 2). She prevents Huck from doing what she believes is uncivilized and detrimental to his health, yet doesn’t think twice about proceeding to do something very similar simply because she herself enjoys it. This example of hypocrisy is not particularly malicious, but yet another example of how all the characters Huck is involved with has some form of a hypocritical flaw. Furthermore, Miss Watson is quite religious and, in efforts to teach Huck, tells him that all he must do is pray for something and he will have it. However, when Huck needs fishhooks and asks her to help pray for them, she calls him a fool. Then Miss Watson she took me in the closet and prayed, but nothing come of it. She told me to pray every day, and whatever I asked for I would get it. But it warnt so. I tried it. Once I got a fish- line, but no hooks. It warnt any good to me without hooks. I tried for the hooks three or four times, but somehow I couldnt make it make it work. By-and-by, one day, I asked Miss Watson to try for me, but she said I was a fool. (Twain 8). Miss Watson tells Huck that if he does something, he can expect a certain result but when things don’t work, he asks for her help and she chides him for it! The widow Douglas and Miss Watson are religious, educated, and yet, they are slave owners. They educate Huck, and teach him religion but find it perfectly acceptable to do things contrary to their teachings, such as snuff and practice slavery. The latter, being a more insidious humbug of St. Petersburg, is shown over and over again throughout Huck’s journey. As Huck begins to stray from his backwards, insincere town, he reaches different places with different people, all different in their own way and yet, very similar to those in St. Petersburg. The Duke and Dauphin are two despicable con men who join Huck and Jim as they continue to drift on the river. The Duke and Dauphin cause trouble for Huck and Jim, as well as the towns they visit. The fault here is that, the Duke and Dauphin are able to scam entire communities by lying, pretending to be someone they’re not, and cheating their guests. Though they spend most of the novel doing awful things or planning awful things, they both are hardly punished. After the first showing of The Royal Nonesuch, the first group of attendees realizes they have been cheated. However, instead of chastising the Duke and Dauphin, the audience that night chooses to lie about the performance in order to cheat a second group of attendees. Hold on! Just a word, gentlemen. † They stopped to listen. â€Å"We are sold—mighty badly sold. But we don’t want to be the laughing stock of this whole town, I reckon, and never hear the last of this thing as long as we live. NO. What we want is to go out of here quiet, and talk this show up, and sell the REST of the town! Then we’ll al l be in the same boat. Ain’t that sensible? † (You bet it is! —the jedge is right! † everybody sings out. ) â€Å"All right, then—not a word about any sell. Go along home, and advise everybody to come and see the tragedy. † (Twain 114). Most hypocritical, however, is the fact that the Judge of the town conceived this plan. He who stands as a pillar of justice and truth in the town decides to cheat the others in order to save face. By the third night, everyone in town has seen the play and the Duke and Dauphin make a large profit from their misconduct. Immoral acts committed by the Duke and Dauphin never yielded punishments, but brazen, drunk insults led to execution. Boggs, described as the â€Å"most easy going old fool in Arkansas†, began shouting insults and anathemas at Sherburn, the man who had cheated him. He [Sherburn] was standing perfectly still in the street, and had a pistol raised in his right hand—not aiming it, but holding it out with the barrel tilted up towards the sky†¦ Boggs throws up both of his hands and says, â€Å"O Lord, don’t shoot! † Bang! goes the first shot, and he staggers back, clawing at the air—bang! goes the second one, and he tumbles backwards on to the ground, heavy and solid, with his arms spread out. † (Twain 108). The Duke and Dauphin cheat entire communities and remain unpunished by their terrible acts; however, peccadilloes like shouting drunken insults result in execution. Twain’s writing exposes the issue of faulty justice and duplicitous nature of men. Furthermore, Sherburn’s speech to the angry mob around his house in relation to a lack of logic and cowardice capitulates Twain’s societal views. Twain’s use of hypocrisy helps express his views on societal issues. Though not every instance is harmful, such as Miss Watson’s snuff usage, other notable examples such as the execution of Boggs and the custody of Huck highlight his belief that cowardice, lack of logic, and selfishness are at the core of society, not the communal welfare that it should be. The repeated instances of insecure, logic defying justice are the root of the problem, as thoughtless crimes are punished severely whereas serious crimes go scot-free. Throughout the novel, Huck meets characters that appear good, yet Twain makes a conscious effort to prove they are prejudiced slave owners. The illogical choices and hypocritical people presented throughout the novel show the hypocrisy and ludicrousness of the â€Å"sivilized† society.

Rhetorical essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Rhetorical - Essay Example However, the forthcoming world cup in Brazil has raised numerous concerns among global stakeholders. The infrastructure in Brazil has continuously been an issue of discussion within the global media. The organizers have been placated by the high level of ticket sales that have been observed. The anticipated numbers of visitors to the country during the world cup is expected to exceed the previous tournaments. Straggling stadiums and poor construction practices have threatened the hosting of this global sporting tournament (Vickery). The FIFA world cup remains to be the most watched global event; hence, the increased concerns regarding the capability of Brazil in hosting the event. Within the global media, the fundamental question has been, â€Å"do the Brazilian airports have the capacity to cope with the influx of arrivals?† Despite the optimism of the Brazilian government in the stadiums being ready for the world cup, concerns have been raised regarding the delays (Krasnov). While the stadiums were expected to be ready before January 2014, half of them are still under construction, less than 100 days to the tournament. Continued construction delays and accidents also raise a safety question, as the country has previously had stadiums collapsing. Some of the construction processes have been delayed by collapses and equipment failure. This raises a safety concern for the people who will be watching the event from inside the stadiums. Discontent in the organization has also been present within the host nation’s population. The number of persons watching the world cup is extremely high, and the stakes are similarly high for Brazil not to disappoint the fans. With many stakeholders discontented with the preparation, the national team could make-up by winning the world cup for a record, sixth time. The immense focus on the countrys infrastructure comes from the contrast in the team’s performance. Based on the performance of the